Abstract: This paper introduced the main features, the evolution process and the application forms in different scenarios of the blockchain, explored the application of blockchain technology in railway systems, proposed the application of blockchain technology in the railway construction, operation and maintenance, locomotive maintenance,freight logistics and proof of stake. The economic and management benefits brought by blockchain were analyzed.The results show that blockchain technology can greatly reduce the costs of railway construction, operation and maintenance, be conducive to the long-term development of the railway system.