Abstract: In order to accurately grasp the operating rules of railway freight car axles, timely assess risks, and promote the transformation of railway freight cars from planned preventive maintenance to digital precision maintenance, this paper constructed a fault prediction and health management system for railway freight car axle. This system integrated data from vehicle operation safety monitoring and control system (abbreviated as 5T system), railway freight car technology management information system, etc., to implement real-time monitoring and control of freight car axle status, fault prediction, and health management. The results of the system's online operation in some railway group companies indicate that it can effectively improve the intelligence and refinement level of railway freight car axle maintenance, provide technical support for reducing operation and maintenance costs and improve operation and maintenance efficiency.