Abstract: Access control of railway communication network based on certificateless public key cryptography can greatly reduce system overhead and respond to network access control quickly, and solve the problem that the authenticity of the public key for encrypting access control information cannot be guaranteed. In the process of research, this article used Certificateless Public Key Cryptography(CL-PKC)and Role-Based Access Control(RBAC) to ensure that the system would not be operated illegally. Compared with the use of certificate based cryptography, it reduced the time for the system to confirm the authenticity of information. This research makes the access control of railway communication network implement the full consideration of information authenticity and efficiency, and can realize the protection of information in railway communication network simply and efficiently, and meet the application requirements.