Abstract: Passenger flow distribution characteristics and rules are the basis of railway passenger traffic organization and it is one of the main operational objectives of the railway to adjust the allocation of transport capacity for fully meeting the passenger travel needs according to the passenger flow status timely. The Beijing-Zhangjiajang high-speed railway is now in operation and will serve as the rail transportation system for the Beijing Olympic Winter Games. Based on the historical passenger flow data of Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway and the published event schedule information of the Games, the basic passenger flow composition and characteristics of Chongli and Yanqing competition areas during the Olympic Winter Games are analyzed and forecast. Based on the analysis of the causes and formation process of passenger flow outburst during the Olympic Winter Games, the definition of graded passenger flow density is determined for carrying out graded monitoring and early warning of passenger flow density and accurately grasping the passenger flow pressure faced by the railway transportation system. From the two perspectives of passenger flow and transport capacity utilization, the early warning indicators of unexpected passenger flow for the Olympic Winter Games are defined and the emergency measures to match unexpected passenger flow and railway transport capacity are put forward so as to realize the closed-loop management of emergency response of unexpected passenger flow during the Olympic Winter Games.