Abstract: Starting from the purpose and effect of the operation for the railway passenger casualty insurance, this paper analyzed the reasons for the decrease of the growth rate of the number of passengers in the service of railway passenger casualty insurance. Based on the analysis of the claim data and the existing claim business process, the paper put forward the links and factors that affected the claim time limit. Through the analysis of the basic principles of the blockchain, the paper proposed the optimization scheme of the claim process of the passenger casualty insurance based on the blockchain technology. It put forward optimization ideas from three aspects of automatic compensation, data sharing and intelligent fraud prevention, and carried out optimization transformation in the reporting, material review and payment links. Finally, it gave the optimized design of the passenger casualty insurance system architecture and claim settlement process, which provided a reference for similar application scenarios of business process optimization based on blockchain technology.