Abstract: This article researched on the railway freight car loading state detection system based on the embedded technology and wireless communication technology, solved the problems of long deployment period, difficulty and high cost in the existing system. By analyzing the current situation and requirements of the existing detection system,combining with the development of the new technology of the industrial control system and information system, the overall architecture, function structure and physical structure of the system were designed, and the key technologies such as embedded, image recognition, deep learning and so on were studied. The design of the new system can provide effective security technical support for freight transportation system. The new system design plan can provide useful reference and ideas for strengthening railway freight safety and improving operational efficiency.