Abstract: In order to solve the problem of low efficiency and low quality of manual analysis for tread damage of railway passenger car wheel set, this paper built an automatic analysis system for tread damage based on big data association analysis technology, analyzed the main components and functions of the system from four aspects of damage investigation, automatic analysis, fault location and statistical analysis, and discussed the key technologies to implement the system. The application of the system improves the efficiency of the analysis and troubleshooting of the passenger car wheel tread.