Simulation of China-Europe Railway Express freight price adjustment based on system dynamics
-
摘要: 为促进中欧班列的可持续发展,对中欧班列的运输价格调整进行研究分析。结合影响中欧班列运价的因素,包括运输成本、供给能力、市场需求、市场竞争、补贴力度及对外贸易发展趋势,提出运用系统动力学的方法解决中欧班列的运价调整问题。建立系统动力学模型,以中欧班列(成都)为例对模型进行仿真试验,仿真结果验证了模型的可行性。通过多种方案对比,提出了在市场需求和政府补贴变化情况下的中欧班列运输价格调整方法,即需求系数上下浮动4个单位,运价调整范围在50美元/TEU内;为维持中欧班列价格优势,保持中欧班列货源吸引力,政府补贴降速应在30%以内,即运价涨幅在200~500美元/TEU之间,为中欧班列运价调整方向和范围提供参考。Abstract: In order to promote the sustainable development of China-Europe Railway Express, this paper studied and analyzed the freight price adjustment of China-Europe Railway Express. Combined with the related factors affecting the price of China-Europe Railway Express, including transport costs, supply capacity, market demand, market competition, subsidies and the development trend of foreign trade, the paper proposed the method of system dynamics to solve the problem of China-Europe Railway Express pricing adjustment, established the system dynamics model, and tested the model by taking China-Europe Railway Express (Chengdu) as an example. The simulation results verified the feasibility of the model. The paper proposed a method to adjust the transport price of China-Europe Railway Express under the change of market demand and government subsidies through comparison of various schemes. When the demand factor fluctuated by 4 units, price adjustment range could be within 50 USD/ TEU. To maintain the price advantage and the attractiveness of China-Europe Railway Express cargo sources, government subsidies reduction speed should less than 30%, which means the increased freight prices should within 200~500 USD/TEU. It can provide reference for the direction and scope of freight price adjustment of China-Europe Railway Express.
-
-
表 1 仿真结果
年份 开行数量/列(仿真) 开行数量/列(实际) 误差 2014 45 45 0 2015 99 103 4.8% 2016 434 453 4.2% 2017 974 1012 3.7% 2018 1531 1587 3.5% 2019 1738 1800 3.4% 2020 2718 2800 2.9% 表 2 变量调整方案
方案 生成系数/列·亿美元−1 补贴力度 1 14.13 从2019年开始逐年下降10%直到降为0 2 14.13 从2019年开始逐年下降20%直到降为0 3 14.13 从2019年开始逐年下降30%直到降为0 4 14.13 从2019年开始提高10%至0.6 5 14.13 从2019年开始降低10%至0.4 6 18.14 0.5 7 10.13 0.5 表 3 不同需求下的运价对比
(单位:美元/TEU) 年份 初始运价 方案6运价 方案7运价 2021 3049.84 3049.84 3049.84 2022 3015.28 3018.43 3012.57 2023 2998.49 3008.29 2990.04 2024 2995.03 3012.68 2978.11 2025 2999.5 3025.59 2974.34 表 4 不同补贴力度下的运价对比
(单位:美元/TEU) 年份 初始运价 方案1运价 方案2运价 方案3运价 方案4运价 方案5运价 2021 3049.84 3064.21 3104.41 3230 3026.31 3050.12 2022 3015.28 3067.56 3235.28 3360.88 2975.52 3017.9 2023 2998.49 3108.73 3321.87 3447.66 2942.26 3005.69 2024 2995.03 3162.28 3375.75 3501.95 2922.09 3008.53 2025 2999.5 3193.45 3407.31 3533.84 2910.72 3019.88 -
[1] 杨 灿,王辛岩. 铁路货物运价改革之浅见 [J]. 人民交通,2018(4):58-59. [2] 张小强,刘 丹,陈 兵,等. 竞争环境下铁路集装箱班列动态定价与开行决策研究 [J]. 铁道学报,2017,39(2):17-23. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2017.02.003 [3] 孙嘉欣. 铁路大宗货物运价浮动研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2017. [4] 曾 进,郭少媛,戚芳榕,等. 一种基于BP神经网络的铁路大宗货物运价风险预警判定方法 [J]. 铁路计算机应用,2020,29(7):25-29. [5] GUO Jingwei, XIE Zhongqi, LI Qinglin, et al. Stackelberg Game Model of Railway Freight Pricing Based on Option Theory [J]. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2020(11): 1-11.
[6] Cowie, Jonathan. Subsidy and Productivity in the Privatised British Passenger Railway [J]. Economics, 2002, 7(1): 25.
[7] Benoit Crevier, Jean-François Cordeau, Gilles Savard. Integrated operations planning and revenue management for rail freight transportation [J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2011, 46(1): 100-119.
[8] 黄 欢. 基于系统动力学的公路客运定价方法研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2010. [9] 罗 莹,王怀相. 铁路货运价格影响因素与传导路径研究——基于结构方程模型 [J]. 价格月刊,2019(8):7-11. DOI: 10.14076/j.issn.1006-2025.2019.08.02 -
期刊类型引用(3)
1. 田朋溢,石雯,陈彪,高攀,蒋成成,刘鹏. 无线分布式轨道车辆平稳性测试技术研究. 铁道机车车辆. 2024(06): 110-116 . 百度学术
2. 茅迿,高琦,梁师嵩. 城轨列车智能综合检测系统的研究与应用. 机车车辆工艺. 2023(01): 12-16 . 百度学术
3. 刘国联,陈根,张敏海. 基于CAN总线的铁路道岔监测系统设计. 南方农机. 2020(09): 217-219 . 百度学术
其他类型引用(1)