Abstract: The operation and maintenance of high-speed railway Natural disaster and foreign matter intrusion monitoring system(abbreviation: disaster monitoring system)is the basis to ensure the reliable operation of the system. The analysis and application of disaster monitoring alarm and equipment status data can provide decision support for system operation and maintenance. this paper summarized the operation and maintenance management of disaster monitoring system, studied the abnormal data of wind monitoring, and put forward the identification method of abnormal data of anemometer, identified the strong wind and rainfall disaster risk along the high-speed railway through the analysis of disaster alarm data, analyzed the system fault data, proposed a fault diagnosis method of monitoring unit based on Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA) and random forest. The example shows that the diagnosis accuracy can reach 77%. The research result can provide reference for the operation and maintenance of disaster monitoring system.