Abstract: The existing imported ultrasonic anemometers in the natural disasters and foreign object intrusion monitoring system for high-speed railway may experience functional failure during freezing weather. A domestic ultrasonic anemometer with anti freezing function and integrated design of wind measurement and heating function has been developed to replace the imported anemometer. Based on the principle of ultrasonic freezing detection and the main structure design of domestic ultrasonic anemometers, this article proposes the design of ultrasonic anemometer freezing detection and heating device, which adopts a dual criterion heating control logic to start the heating components and has high heating efficiency by setting the heating component inside the anemometer and closely adhering to the internal components of the anemometer probe. Field tests were conducted at the Tianchi Meteorological Station in Changbai Mountain and the results showed that during freezing weather, the freezing detection and heating device can heat the key parts of the ultrasonic anemometer, effectively preventing its wind measurement from failing. Meanwhile, through comparative testing under freezing conditions, it was found that there was a significant deviation in wind measurement data collected by the anemometer without freezing detection and heating and the anemometers with freezing detection and heating. Next, in-depth research will be conducted to identify the root causes of wind measurement data errors to furter improve its design.