Abstract: In response to the high fuel consumption and operating costs in the railway industry, this paper designed and implemented a fuel consumption per unit analysis system for diesel locomotives, analyzed the factors affecting the fuel consumption of diesel locomotives. With the help of mathematical modeling ideas, the paper designed a mathematical model for fuel consumption per unit, which implemented functions such as data management for fuel consumption per unit analysis, locomotive temperature supplementation, and fuel consumption analysis and evaluation. The system has been piloted and applied in a certain locomotive depot, effectively improved the energy-saving operation level of drivers and crew, and accumulated experience for the analysis and management of electric locomotive resource consumption in the later stage.