Abstract: The application scenarios of railway satellite navigation are complex. The reception quality and practical performance of satellite navigation signals vary in different scenarios, and test results of railway satellite navigation products obtained under ideal laboratory conditions deviate from actual field performance. To address this issue, combined with the inspection requirements for railway satellite navigation application products, this paper studied a comprehensive evaluation method for satellite navigation signal quality under typical railway scenarios. It selected typical railway application scenarios to analyze satellite navigation signal quality and further evaluated the simulated positioning accuracy in laboratory test environments. This work provides a valuable reference for the testing of satellite navigation products under simulated signal environments in railway laboratories.