Abstract: To cope with the increasingly severe data security challenges, stricter industrial supervision and compliance requirements arising from the development of railway financial businesses, and comprehensively improve the overall data security protection capacity, this paper sorted out and analyzed multi-dimensional security risks and corresponding specific business scenarios of railway financial data across all circulation stages based on the full data lifecycle management concept and the three core elements of data security. The paper constructed a security protection framework for railway financial data from two dimensions: security management and technical protection. It deeply integrated multiple security technologies including identity authentication, access control, data encryption, privacy computing, data watermarking, backup and disaster recovery with practical business scenarios, and formed an active protection technical architecture covering the full data lifecycle, which provides reliable support for the implementation of security management strategies.