Abstract: To solve the problems of high cost, high risk, limited scenarios and difficulty in reproducing complex accidents in on-site emergency drills for railway dangerous goods transportation, this paper designed a Unity 3D-based simulation system for emergency response drills in railway dangerous goods transportation. It adopted 3D modeling to restore railway station yards, dangerous goods transport vehicles, emergency rescue equipment and protective gear. Combined with physics engines and fluid mechanics principles, the system simulated the evolution of liquid leakage and diffusion as well as secondary accidents, and constructed a full-process emergency framework of“report reception-response-disposal-assessment”. It allowed drill personnel to conduct standardized emergency operation training through human-computer interaction. Practical application shows that the system realizes risk-free immersive drilling, improves practitioners’ emergency disposal and collaboration capabilities, shortens emergency response time, and reduces operational error rates while greatly cutting drill costs. It provides an efficient, safe and economical approach for the safety training of railway dangerous goods transportation.