Abstract: This paper designed an artificial intelligence-based corrosion and hole detection system for railway box car roofs to improve the transportation safety of railway box cars. It presented the overall architecture and functions of the system and achieved accurate identification and real-time early warning of box car roof corrosion and holes in station yard operation scenarios. Using key technologies such as artificial intelligence large model collaboration and visual display, this paper realized efficient detection of box car roof corrosion and holes as well as friendly presentation of detection results. Experimental results show that, compared with traditional manual inspection, the system improves the single-frame detection speed by six times, and achieves full coverage and zero miss in box car inspection, and provides intelligent technical support for the transportation safety of railway box cars.