Abstract: To address potential endogeneity issues in the implementation of floating fares for railway passenger transportation and the evaluation of train operation effectiveness, and thereby improve the scientific rigor and validity of the evaluation results, this paper proposed an evaluation model for the implementation effect of floating fares based on the Difference-in-Differences method. By selecting four representative high-speed railway lines in different directions for empirical analysis, the paper verified the significant impact of floating fare implementation using a linear regression model, and implemented a quantitative evaluation of how floating fare strategies affect railway passenger operation performance. This method can provide effective management tools and decision support for railway passenger transportation management departments to clarify policy implementation effects, formulate and implement targeted policies, and increase transportation volume and revenue.