Abstract: As a key technology in the field of artificial intelligence, large model technology is profoundly changing the operational modes and development paths of traditional industries. The research and development of intelligent railway applications are strategically significant for enhancing railway operational efficiency, ensuring transportation safety, and optimizing service quality. Leveraging its powerful comprehension, reasoning, generation, and generalization capabilities, large model technology provides a new technological path for innovative applications of artificial intelligence in the railway industry. This paper systematically analyzed typical application scenarios and implementation effectiveness of large models across the entire railway industry chain, sorted out the construction status and key technologies of large models for artificial intelligence in railways, discussed the current technical bottlenecks and challenges faced, and looked forward to the future development trends of large models for artificial intelligence in railways, providing a reference for the high-quality development of artificial intelligence in the railway industry.