Abstract: To solve the problems of difficulty in sorting component relationships, drawing topology, and locating faults in railway distributed applications, and enhance the comprehensive management and operation maintenance guarantee capabilities of railway distributed applications, this paper proposed a railway distributed application configuration relationship automatic discovery system based on OpenTelemetry. The paper collected link tracking data through probes and transformed it into structured relationships recognizable by the configuration library through ETL (Extract-Transform-Load), implemented functions such as configuration relationship discovery, network scanning, and deep discovery. The application shows that the system can effectively solve the above problems, improve the observability of application data, and provide data support for railway distributed application operation and maintenance management.