Abstract: From the aspects of benefit calculation content and benefit calculation method, this paper studied the benefit analysis method of train operation under the train operation mode of "one day, one train working diagram", based on this, developed the "one day, one train working diagram" analysis auxiliary decision-making system based on the comprehensive optimization of benefit efficiency, and introduced the functional framework of the system. The system has been put into trial operation in Lanzhou Group Co. Ltd. and the system runs stably with good effect. The results of benefit analysis of passenger train operation can provide basis for train operation scheme adjustment.