Abstract: According to the existing railway transportation information system, this paper proposed a method of transportation efficiency analysis based on large data of freight transport to solve the problems such as the decrease of the capacity of line section, the decrease of the efficiency of station operation and the low turnover rate of vehicles. By building Hadoop big data platform and GIS platform, using Spark framework, Java programming language and Sqoop data transmission tools, it was implemented the functions of the analysis and storage of freight transportation big data, real-time analysis of line passing capacity, real-time prompting of station operation efficiency, and full process analysis of freight vehicle status. The close combination and intuitive display of large data analysis results with railway route map were also realized.