Abstract: This article summarized the current situation of wheelset management of EMU, and put forward the idea of wheelset health management, which was elaborated from the aspects of condition monitoring, health trend assessment and prediction, fault diagnosis and operation and maintenance decision-making. Combining with the existing wheelset detection system, the article made a detailed analysis of the system framework from the aspects of basic data collection, data management, data analysis and data application, and made corresponding planning for the management process. Taking the selection of wheelset lathing repair scheme as an example, the introduced the economy and practicability of health management, which provided a reference for the management of wheelset throughout its life cycle.