Abstract: According to the condition that the wheelset of high-speed vehicle was not round, the non circularity level of the wheel and the vibration of the vehicle system were tested. The relationship between the non circularity level of the wheel and the vibration of vehicle components was analyzed. The research showed that the higher order of wheel non circle had obvious influence on the vibration of the running gear, shock and vibration frequencies of 18 and 19 order polygons existed obvious spectral features at axle box and motor.