Abstract: At present, the information on the whole life cycle of key components of railway freight cars has not been integrated and managed, and some key components and fault information have not yet been collected. The integrity, timeliness, and accuracy of the data need to be strengthened. This paper established a unified coding rule for key components of railways, established an Internet of Things (IoT) identification management system that ran through the whole lifecycle of key components of freight cars, effectively implemented data connectivity of components, and laid the foundation for achieving whole lifecycle tracking and management of key components of freight cars within the railway scope.