Abstract: With the continuous deepening of the application of information technology in the railway field, the railway business system has generated and accumulated massive network data, which have become one of the important production factors of railway enterprises. Network data face the security risks of being leaked, stolen and illegally used during the collection, storage, transmission, application, destruction and other links. By analyzing the main security risks faced by railway network data and combining with the network data application scenario of railway enterprises, this paper studied and proposed countermeasures for network data security risks. It can provide reference for the network data security management of railway enterprises.