Abstract: To cope with the difficulty in fault location and burdensome periodic manual inspection of the on-board ATP equipment for high-speed railway, a health status monitoring and intelligent diagnosis system for the equipment is developed. This system consists of the trackside detection equipment, the on-board diagnosis and recording unit and the ground maintenance center equipment. The on-board diagnosis and recording unit can automatically collect the log data of the application software of each unit of the ATP on-board equipment and the electrical characteristics data of key components and transmit the data to the ground maintenance center via train-ground wireless transmission channel. The trackside detection equipment can accurately collect the images and installation measurement data of the on-board ATP equipment installed on the outside of the EMU train according to EMU type. This system can recognize the surface defects and abnormal installation of the on-board ATP equipment automatically and provide health status monitoring and fault analysis of the on-board ATP equipment, which is helpful to improve the maintenance efficiency of on-board ATP equipment .