Abstract: At present, hybrid energy storage trams have been widely used as cost-effective vehicles. The hybrid energy storage system acts as energy supply for the trams and appropriate configuration of energy storage components is of practical significance for ensuring the normal operation of the trams. This paper focuses the research on hybrid energy storage trams and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to achieve optimal parameter matching of the hybrid energy storage system under multi-objective and multi-constraint conditions. A simulation test was made on the Haizhu tram line, or THZ1, in Guangzhou Metro and the simulation results showed that the hybrid energy storage system with optimal configuration had obvious advantages in reducing the size, weight and cost of the system and giving play to the charge and discharge capacity of energy storage elements.