Abstract: In order to accelerate the diversified transformation of railway freight transportation, solve the problems of opaquegoods tracking, unequal information and so on, this paper combed the key technologies of blockchain system construction in the field of railway freight transportation, analyzed the research directions of alliance chain network, cross chain technology, Internet of things technology and smart contract, and discussed the application scenarios and value of blockchain technology in railway freight transportation, so as to provide reference for the application of blockchain technology in China railway freight transportation.