Abstract: This paper introduced the development process and key technologies of natural language processing.Combined with the three fields of intelligent operation, intelligent equipment and intelligent manufacturing, the application of natural language processing's related technologies in intelligent customer service, safety control, asset archives, intelligent maintenance, decision support and inspection and calibration was analyzed and summarized. By summarizing the development and exploration of these frontier applications, it was demonstrated that natural language processing's relevant technologies and methods could help the railway industry to implement the transformation of intelligent railway. With the continuous development and breakthroughs in the natural language processing field, it could bring more significant changes to the railway intellectualization process.