Abstract: Train operation adjustment was an important part of dispatching command of Urban Transit. It was difficult to obtain the satisfactory solution because of many constraints, larger search space and small range of feasible solution. According to the operation characteristics of Urban Transit, this article established train operation adjustment optimization model based on passenger flow influence. The Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm was applied to solve the problem. Comparing with the Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Algorithm, the model and the improved Algorithm were tested and verified to be effective.