Abstract: This paper designed a railway freight station data collection system to address issues such as disconnection between data collection and production operations, low collection efficiency, and lack of unified planning for railway freight station equipment. The paper outlined the content of data collection, elaborated on the overall architecture and logical architecture of the system, and based on this, studied technologies such as data acquisition and storage, and data collection based on cloud edge collaboration. The application shows that the system has achieved the collection of data on the entire process of freight operations, the utilization status of facilities and equipment, and key safety risk links, laid a strong foundation for the intelligent service of railway freight stations.