Abstract: Railway data resources have become one of the core resources of railway enterprises, and there is an urgent need to promote the maturity evaluation of railway data management capabilities. Based on an in-depth analysis of the Data Capability Maturity Model (DCMM) and the current situation of railway data management, this paper proposed a railway data management capability maturity evaluation system based on DCMM, optimized the evaluation capability domains and capability items of DCMM, conducted weight distribution research, and proposed targeted improvement strategies for capability domains. The research results lay the foundation for railway transportation enterprises to comprehensively grasp their data management capabilities and enhance the role of railway data elements.