Abstract: The scientific analysis of railway transportation equipment fault data is of great significance for improving the level of railway safety assurance. On the basis of studying the safety assurance system of railway transport equipment, this paper expounded the construction process of the railway transportation equipment fault knowledge graph, proposed the construction and application architecture of the railway equipment fault knowledge graph, as well as the knowledge application scenarios of fault intelligent diagnosis and processing, risk management and intelligent question answering based on the knowledge graph, which could provide reference for analyzing equipment fault data of various railway disciplines.