Abstract: With the application and development of emerging technologies, the boundaries of the network have become more and more blurred, the security risks faced by railway have become more and more fierce, and the space governance of railway network security has been strengthened, it is imperative to strengthen the governance of railway network security space and establish a new pattern of governance. This paper analyzed the current situation of China’s cyberspace security governance from four dimensions of politics, economy, society and technology, and comprehensively combined with the reality of railway, summarized the practice and achievements of the railway industry in cyberspace security governance. In order to build a new development pattern of three-dimensional comprehensive defense and collaborative governance of railway network security, considering from multiple dimensions, the paper studied and put forward the improvement paths of railway cyberspace security governance in four aspects: system implementation of political guidance, industrial promotion service support, people-oriented key protection and the integrated development of innovative technologies.